Fluid-pressure engine.



Patented Feb. 17, 1914,

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 WITNESSES:

1. KBLLmGToN. FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 18, 1912,

Patent-,ed 11611111914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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JOHN KEL-LING'TON, OF NEW WE-STMINSTEB, BRITISH COLUMBIA, C ANI-LL Ervin-PRESSURE revenais.

Specification ot Letters Patent.

Application led May 1.8, 1912. Serial No. 698,138.

` To all whom't't may con-cern:

Be it known that I, JOHN KELLINGTON, a

citizen of the Dominion of Canada, residing at New Westminster, in the Province of British Columbia, Canada, have invented a new and useful Fluid-Pressure Engine, of

'which the following is a specification.

ring, which is rotatably mounted without-v the cylinders, which cylinders are secured to the foundation frame of the engine, while the rotatable ring is secured to the driving shaft, and my object has been to attain in a y simple and effective manner a comparatively low speed of rotation of the shaft in relation to the piston speed. 1

The invention comprises principally the use of a series of opposed cylinders radiating in a common plane from a common center, which cylinders are all served simultaneously with one explosion, and in the particular manner of controlling the movement of the outer ends of the piston connecting rods,r whereby the outward effort of each piston is delivered at an angle toward the direction of rotation.

There are other incidental features of improvement in the engine to which attention is drawn in the following fully describes the invention, reference being made to the drawings by which it is' accompanied, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the engine in the commin plane of its cylinders or normal to the axis of rotation. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on a plane through the axis of rotation. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the engine to a small scale. Fig. 4 is a plan. Fig. 5 is a plan of one of the radius levers which direct the movement of the contact rollers of the piston.

In these drawings 2 2 2 2 represent the cylinders of the engine which are cast in one and radiate from a common center in a common plane. Integral with these cylinders 2 is a jacket cylinder 3 which includes within it the inner ends of the cylinders which are exposed to the heat of the explo'- sion. The front jacket cover 4 is integral with the valve box 6 to be described later and with a member 7 by which the cylinders and their attached parts are secured to the foundation frame 8 of the engine. The

specification whichv cover 5, which closes the back of the water Jacket, has a bearing 9 to receive the end of the driving shaft 10 which -is also su ported 1n a bearing 17 of the foundation ame 8.

The. valve box 6 is preferably cast with the front jacket cover 4 and is in connection through an aperture 11 with the junction of the opposed cylinders 2. To the upper side of it the explosive gas is delivered through 4a suction valve 13 by a pipe 12 from the carbureter, which valve is normally retained on its seat by a light spring 14. In the face of the valve box theigmtion plu 17 d is inserted and in the lower part o? the valve box 6 is-a discharge-valve 15; the stem 16 of which is mechanically operated from the rotatory part of the engine in a manner to be described later.

Each cylinder`2 is provided with a piston 20 which is hollow and closed at its inner end, the corners of which inner end are removed as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing, to enable the four pistons to approach close to one another at the inner limit of' their stroke. A connecting link 21 is mounted on a pin 22 secured in each piston and at the outer end of the link 21 rollers 23 are mounted'on a pin 24. The outer roller carrying end of each connecting link 21 is controlled in its movement by a radius lever 25 having a fork end to take the pin 24 of the rollers 23, which lever is mounted on a fulcrum pin 26 in a bracket 27 formed as a part of the cylinder casting. The lever 25 is produced beyond its fulcrum pin 26 and'is offset laterally to carry a roller 28 on a in 29, the object of which will be explaine later.

Secured on the drivingAshaft 10 is a wheell 30, the'ring 31 of which-is projected'over the outer ends of the cylinders and the inner side of it is a track for the rollers 23 and is formed as shown in Fig. 1 to oer a series of vinclines 32 33, the number of each of which corresponds to the number of cylinders and the radial rise and fall tothe stroke of their pistons. Thus, when the pistons are forced out by an explosion delivered at the junction of the cylinders this outward effort will be exerted against the curved inclines 32 of the rim 31 of the wheel 30 and will exert a rotatory eford on the wheel -and on the driving shaft 10 to which it is secured, and this rotatory effort is increased by the control exercised on the c'ontact rollers 23 by the radius levers 25, the position of the fulcrum 26 of which is s' :li

Patented Feb. 17, 1914;

soV

'inclines which return the that the arc of movement of the roller pins 24 is toward the direction of rotation.

The inclines 32 mbe straight but will preferably be curved, as shown in the drawing, while the return inclines 33, that is those iston inward in the cylinders will prefera ly be approximately straight.

To carry the pistons 2O outward during the suction stroke the roller 28is furnishe at the farther end of the lever 25 and the roller bears upon a corresponding curved track 35, which is alongside of the track 32, 33 and may form a part of the same wheel rim 31, and to enable the rollers 23, 28 to be adjusted that they may bear equally on their respective tracks, the pin 29 of the rollers `28 is eccentric with a throw that will range c through the possible variation.

The contact for ignition of the charge, and the opening of the exhaust valve 15 are effected from a ring 36 which may be integral with or secured to the wheel rim 3l.

As each cylinder of the engine acts on what is known as the four cycle system,

drawing in its chargein one outward stroke,'

compressing' it during the next inward stroke, exploding the charge during the next outward stroke and exhausting during the next inward stroke, and as there are two pair of opposed pistons and therefore four inclines 32 in the circle of the wheel against 4which they act, the charge, which is common to all four cylinders, requires to be ignited twice and exhausted twice in the revolution of the wheel 31.

Contact for ignition is effected by contact points 37 -secured kto the ring 36 which contacts engage a resilient contact 38 which is adjustably mounted on suitable insulation 40 on an arc segment standard 39 secured to the frame 8. The position of the conta ct on the segment 39 is adjusted by a spring 41 engaging notches on the inner or concave side of the segment. By this means the ignition may be timed to the position of the piston Contact rollers 23 in relation to the crown or apex of the several inclines 33. On the inner side of the same ring 36 are enlargements 45, which are also on opposite sides of the ring, by which enlargements the exhaust valve 15 is "lifted to release the products of combustion from the united cylinders and emit them to the exhaust pipe 18. The length of the enlargement 45 is such as will retain the valve 15 open during t-he exhaust stroke of the engine.

' The stem 16 of the exhaust valve 15 rests upon the outward rojection 46 of a member 47 which is vertically slidable in a guide on the lower part of the foundation frame 8 immediately below' the exhaust valve andv g this member47 is provided with a roller 48 which cont-acts with the inner side -of the rosmao ring 36 and will therefore be lifted by the inward projection 45 of the ring 36.

Water is circulated within the water jacket cylinder '3 by the pipes 50 which deliver into the water jacket 3 through chambered recesses on each side of the valve box 6 by which that box is kept cool.

While workingthe explosive mixture is drawn in from the carbureter through the valve 13 while the pistons 20 are being drawn out by contact of the rollers 28 with the supplementary .track 35 and while the piston contact rollers 23 are traveling down the incline 32. As these contact rollers 23 reach the farther limit of their outward movement they encounter the inclines 33 and the pistonsare by the momentum of the wheel rim 31. returned within their cylinders, mutually compressing the charge at the iunction. When further rotation of the rim 31 under its inertia brings the apices of the inclines 32, 33 past the' rollers 23 the Contact points 37 of the ring 36 engage the contact plates 38 and cause ignition and explosion of the charge. The pistons 2O are.

then all forced outward, and each one acting through its rollers 23 on the angled face of the adiacent incline 32, and aided by the angle at which the movement is delivered under the control of the levers a rotational impulse is imparted to the wheel 30, 3l and through it to the driving shaft 10. When the pistons reach the farther limit o-f this stroke, the exhaust valve 15 is lifted by en* gagement of the roller 48 with the enlargement 45 on the inner side of the ring 36, and by the length'of that enlargement is maintained open until the return stroke of the Diston is effected by contact of the rollers 28 with their inclines The rotational impulse is thus imparted by all four pistons through one-eighth of the circle of rotation twice during each revolution and this impulse is delivered through a roller contact on the curved face of the incline.

The advantages claimed for this construction are: the attainment of a moderate speed of rotation with an effective high piston speed; the delivery'of the impulse of the explosion in an effective manner to produce rotation, in distinction of what occurs in a crank engine where the explosion occurs while the crank is in an ineffective position at or close to its dead center, and the fact that one gas admission, one ignition and one exhaust serves for all four cylinders. The reaction of the explosion in these cylinders is expended on the opposing piston.

Although specifically described as a gas engine, the mechanism with the exception of the ignition, is applicable to a fluid pressure engine of any kind.

Having now particularly described my invention and the manner of its operation, I

-hereby declare that what I'claim as new and desire to beprotected in by Letters Patent,

in a common plane and secured to the bed of the engine, a piston reciprocatable in each cylinder, a link pivotally connected to each piston, means for ldirecting the movement of the outer ends of the links, rollers mounted on the outer ends of the links, a wheel secured `to the driving shaft of the engine against the inner side of which wheel the link rollers contact and which inner side is eccentric to the axis of rotation, and means for admitting working agent to and exhausting it from the cylinders, said movement directing means comprising a lever pivotally carried by the cylinder to one end of which lever said link is pivotally con.- nected, the other end of said lever having a roller to engage the inner side of said wheel.

-2. An internal combustion engine including'a bed, comprising in combination, cylinders extending radially from a common axis in a common plane and secured to the bed of the engine, a piston reciprocatable in each cylinder, a link connecting each piston with a radius lever pivotally mounted to a ixed part of the engine, a roller mounted on the connection of the piston link with the lever, a roller on the free end of said lever,

,a wheel secured to the driving shaft the inner side of which is projected over the piston link rollers and the lever roller and is eccentric to the axis of rotation of thev Wheel, means for admitting working agent to the cylinders and means for exhausting a it therefrom.

3. An internal combustion engine, includingl a bed, comprisin in combination, cy inders extending ra ially in a common plane rod link angularly toward the direction of rotation, a wheel secured tothe driving shaft of the engine and'projected over the cylinder-ends, said wheell having an inner side provided with a plurality of eccentric porthe rise and fall of which corresponds to the stroke of the pistons and is equal in number to the number of the pistons and means for admitting working agent to the cylinders and exhausting it therefrom twice in a revolution.

the valve box.

over the ends of the cylinders Y from a common axis and secured tov the engine bed, a piston reciprocatable` in the free end of which is mounted' 4. A fluid pressure engine having a bed and a driving shaft, comprising in combinationcylinders extending radially in a. common'plane from a comm on axis which cylinders are secured to the'bed of the engine, a piston reoiprocatable in each cylinder, a link pivotally connected to each piston, a lever pivotally mounted-on'the outside of each cylinder toward the direction of rotation, one end of which lever is connected by a pin to the mounted on t e same pin, a roller mounted on the opposite end of the lever, a wheel secured on the driving shaft of the engine, the inner side of the rim of which projects over the lever rollers and is provided with eccentric tracks the rise and fall of which corresponds to the stroke of the pistons and to their number, a valve box delivering into the common junction of the cylinder, a valve iston link,l a contact roller admitting an explosive mixture to the'valve box, means opera ive by the rotation of the wheel for igniting the charge and means for releasing the products of combustion `from 5. A iiuid pressure engine having a bed and a driving shaft, comprising in combination, cylinders extending radially in a common plane from a common axis which cylinders are secured to piston reciprocatable in each cylinder, a link pivotally connected to each piston, a lever pivotally mounted on the outside'ofI each cylinder toward the direction of rotation, one end of which lever is connected by a pin to the piston link, a contact member mounted on the same pin, a contact member mounted on the opposite end of this lever, a wheel secured on the driving shaftof the engine, the inner side of the rim of which projects and is provided with corresponding eccentric tracksy for the contact members of both ends of the `levers the rise and fall of which tracks corresponds to the stroke of the pistons and to their number, a valve box delivering into the common junction of the' cylinders, a valve admittingan explo-sive mixture to the valve box, a valve mechanically operated Afrom the rotatable wheel lfor releasing the products of combustion from the valve box, means for igniting the charge in the valve box and\means for varying the position of the ignition contact.

In testimony whereof I have signed myv name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN KELLINGTON. l Witnesses:

MAGNUS SINCLAm, ROWLAND BRI'rrAIN.

the bed ofthe engine, a 

